Learn How Insects Hear

Sound is created by vibrations carried through the air. By definition, an animals capacity to hear means that it has one or more organs that perceived and interpreted those air vibrations. Most insects have one or more sensory organs that are sensitive to vibrations transmitting through the air. Not only do insects hear, but they may actually be more sensitive than other animals to sound vibrations. Insect sense and interpret sounds in order to communicate with other insects and to navigate their environments. Some insects even listen for the sounds of predators in order to avoid being eaten by them.   There are four different types of auditory organs that insects may possess.   Tympanal Organs Many hearing insects have a pair of tympanal organs that vibrate when they catch sound waves in the air. As the name hints, these organs catch the sound and vibrate in much the way that a tympani, the large drum used in the percussion section of an orchestra, does it when its drum head is struck by a percussion mallet.   Like the tympani, the tympanal organ consists of a membrane tightly stretched on a frame over an air-filled cavity. When the percussionist hammers on the membrane of the tympani, it vibrates and produces a sound; an insects tympanal organ vibrates in much the same way as it catches sound waves in the air. This mechanism is exactly the same as found in the eardrum organ of humans and other animal species. Many insects have the ability to hear in a manner quite similar to the way we do it.   An insect also has a special receptor called the chordotonal organ, which senses the  vibration of the tympanal organ and translates the sound into a nerve impulse. Insects that use tympanal organs to hear include grasshoppers and crickets, cicadas, and some butterflies and moths. Johnstons Organ For some  insects, a group of sensory cells on the antennae form a receptor  called the Johnstons organ, which  collects auditory information. These group of sensory cells is found on the pedicel, which is the second segment from the base of the antennae, and it detects vibration of the segment(s) above. Mosquitoes and fruit flies are examples of insects that hear by using the Johnstons organ. In fruit flies, the organ is used to sense the wing-beat frequencies of mates, and in hawk moths, it is thought to assist with stable flight. In honeybees, Johnstons organ assists in the location of food sources.   Johnstons organ is a type of receptor found only no  invertebrates other than insects. It is named for the physician Christopher Johnston (1822-1891), a professor of surgery at the University of Maryland who discovered the organ. Setae The larvae of Lepidoptera  (butterflies and moths)  and  Orthoptera  (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) use small stiff hairs, called setae, to sense  sound  vibrations. Caterpillars often respond to vibrations in the setae by exhibiting defensive behaviors. Some will stop moving completely, while others may contract their muscles and rear up in a fighting posture. Setae hairs are found on many species, but not all of them use the organs to sense sound vibrations.   Labral Pilifer A structure in the mouths of certain hawkmoths enables them to hear ultrasonic sounds, such as those produced by echolocating bats. The labral pilifer, a tiny hair-like organ, is believed to sense vibrations at specific frequencies. Scientists have noted a distinctive movement of the insects tongue when they subject  captive hawkmoths to sounds at these particular frequencies. In flight, the hawkmoths can avoid a pursuing bat by using the labral pilifer to detect their echolocation signals.

Reading Quiz on Why I Want a Wife

Judy Bradys definition of a wife was first published in the feminist magazine Ms in December 1971. Since then, it has been widely reprinted. After reading the essay, take this short quiz, and then compare your responses with the answers on page two. According to Judy Brady in the essay â€Å"Why I Want a Wife,† what sparked in her the realization that she, too, would like to have a wife†?(A) a quarrel with her husband(B) an encounter with a male friend fresh from a recent divorce(C) an argument with her parents(D) a run-in with an old girlfriend who still hadn’t married(E) a recent divorce, which left her with five children to raise on her ownIn the opening sentences of Why I Want a Wife, the author classifies herself according to two roles that she plays. What are those roles?(A) wife and husband(B) mother and daughter(C) wife and worker(D) wife and mother(E) slave and mistressIn the essay â€Å"Why I Want a Wife,† which one of the following items does Judy Brady not say that she wants?(A) the liberty to replace my present wife with another one(B) a wife who will take care of the details of my social life(C) a wife who is sensitive to my sexual needs(D) a wife who will not bother me with rambling comp laints about a wife’s duties(E) a wife who will make so much money that I will never have to work againIn the essay â€Å"Why I Want a Wife,† which one of the following desires does the author state directly?(A) I want a wife who will work and send me to school.(B) I want my husband to earn more money.(C) I want my wife to go back to school.(D) I want my mother to stop telling me how to raise my children.(E) I want to be single again.What is the final line of Judy Bradys essay Why I Want a Wife?(A) My God, who wouldnt want a wife?(B) I want to be single again.(C) I want a wife who will leave me alone.(D) My God, why would anyone want to be a wife?(E) Dear God, why am I a wife? Answers to the  Reading Quiz on Why I Want a Wife by Judy Brady (B) an encounter with a male friend fresh from a recent divorce(D) wife and mother(E) a wife who will make so much money that I will never have to work again(A) I want a wife who will work and send me to school.(A) My God, who wouldnt want a wife?

Graduation Speech High School Diploma - 891 Words

Due to a lack of decent jobs, half of all college graduates are still relying on their parents financially when they are two years out of school. In the US the bottom 40 percent of income earners in the United States now collectively own less than 1 percent of the nation’s wealth, and College tuition has risen 10 times faster than the median family income. These are just a few issues that my generation, and more to come will face. My dream requires fair access to jobs and educational opportunities, work, and fair pay, all while empowering individuals to pursue their own passions. Higher education is essential to having the knowledge and experience to achieve your dream. If I don’t have higher education I would be stuck with a high school diploma. A survey, prepared by Public Agenda and released nationwide by several independent, nonprofit organizations, finds that a towering 87% of Americans believe that a college education has become as important as a high school diploma used to be. Also, three out of four Americans think that there cannot be too many people with education and training beyond high school. This fact is staggering, but we all come to the same conclusion that college is even more important now than ever. In addition to college being more important, college education needs to be affordable. â€Å"Nearly two-thirds of Americans strongly agree that colleges should be doing a much better job of keeping down their costs† ( Forbes ). My American dream requiresShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School Diploma920 Words   |  4 PagesDay after day I had always regretted not finishing school. Every day that went by Reminded me how much I needed to complete my education. I would remember applying to jobs and always seeing that dreaded sentence saying â€Å"must have High school diploma or equivalent’’. The memory of those days still feel as if it was just yesterday that I was without education. Growing up I never realized how much I would need education in my life. Education is needed to overall make a decent living in order to surviveRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Diplomas1106 Words   |  5 Pagesstatewide were denied standard high school diplomas a nd given special education diplomas† (page 74). New teachers should care about this frightening statistics, if this happened to Latricia that means that there were more students that encountered the same issue. Additionally, new teachers need to understand how the different high school diplomas can affect the students as adults. â€Å"Students without diplomas earn much less than those in the workforce who have diplomas, and they are less likely to maintainRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Diploma831 Words   |  4 Pagestheir high school diploma. When P-TECH initially started, it included on grade 9 and added a grade every year until it became a complete high school. The focus of P-TECH is to provide students with college level work in high school so they can earn their Associate degree at City Tech in what are called the grade 13 and 14. In personal interview with Mr. Brian Donnelly, the Deputy Director of Early College Initiative at CUNY, he described that in stude nts who are part of P-TECH experience grades 13Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Diploma1393 Words   |  6 PagesIn the years of 2012-2013, Oklahoma s percent of students graduating with a high school diploma was 84.8%. In 2012-2013, the graduation rate was at one of the highest points it has ever been at. It is crazy to think that over 1.2 million students drop out every year just in the United States. That is a student ever 26 seconds or you could think of it like 7,000 students a day. A student that gets a high school diploma but does not go to college is going to be doing better than students that dropRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Rite Of Passage1527 Words   |  7 PagesFor many adolescent individuals in America, graduation is considered a rite of passage. Often, Americans couple graduation with a celebration of opening a new chapter of their life. Specifically, transitioning from a high school student to a graduate. In this essay I will explain what a rite of passag e is and what graduation is. Also, I will discuss how graduation is approached as a rite of passage in my culture, and what celebration in regards to graduation looks like and means to many. Almost allRead MoreHigh School Graduation Speech : Family, And Seven Years Ago1593 Words   |  7 Pagescertain situations, but families don’t always get along. We are humans that make mistakes, but we forgive and love each other no matter what. Over the past seven years, I realized how important they are to me, especially during the time of my high school graduation. Since being a part of Wilton, I’ve noticed that there’s a difference between being a church â€Å"member† and being a part of a church â€Å"family.† Church â€Å"members† are people who walk in, attend the church service, and walk out without truly knowingRead MoreAn Example of a Graduation Speech653 Words   |  3 Pagescourse taking countless exams, it is that time that we all anticipate†¦Graduation! Purpose Statement: Since the majority of us are seniors, and graduation is a little less than a month away, I am going to provide you with some historical background information and some fun facts about graduation in order to make the occasion even more meaningful than it already is. Road Map: Most of you could probably agree that high school was quite the experience with several ups and downs along the way. NoRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Graduation Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pages My Graduation A Graduation ceremony is one of the major steps in life, it marks the start of new changes in our lives. It ushers us into growing up and be responsible for our actions. It marks a new dawn of embracing life experiences, cultivation of good work ethics and eventually culminates in chasing our dreams. On my graduation day, I woke up to the sweet aroma of the breakfast my sister was making. I sat down to eat when the food was ready. It took me about 2 hours to finishRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why You Should Go to College?1010 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿PERSUASIVE SPEECH 4 Persuasive speech: Why you should go to college Attention Student debt is at an all-time high. Many college students and recent graduates may find themselves asking: whats the point? Why go to college if there is no guarantee of a great job, but you are almost certainly guaranteed to graduate with high levels of debt? But take a careful look at the statistics. While the unemployment rate for recent four year college graduates is 6.8%, the unemployment rate for recent high schoolRead More Graduation Speech Essay examples885 Words   |  4 PagesTo the County High School Class of 2012: As you sit in front of me, I know what most of you are thinking at the moment. There are those who are already pondering about what life without high school will be like; those who are debating whether or not to tell your crush tonight about your whispers of adoration you’ve secretly held for four years; some simply want to get out of that ungodly chair, get that thing that isn’t really a diploma but only tells you when to pick up the thing, and then be the

Anything free essay sample

â€Å"You can do anything you put your mind to,† they said. â€Å"Anything.† Those are the first words I remember hearing. My earliest years had proven a tough time (what with my lack of athletic ability), but in these words, I found new hope. After all, my parents could speak nothing but truth. At age three, I came to my first major career decision, and made it my ultimate goal to become a stegosaurus. Needless to say, I didn’t hesitate in putting my mind to it. I could be found hard at work, either in the park or at the local sand box during every last one of my week’s free hours. Other parents had never seen such determination; I could tell by their shocked facial expressions that they were impressed. I knew that realistically, I would never make a proper stegosaurus without sacrifice. I cut down on animal crackers and began a regimented applesauce diet. We will write a custom essay sample on Anything or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, I soon learned the hard way the truth of the old saying: the best laid plans of stegosauruses and men often go awry. By the time I was five, demand for the services of a quality herbivorous quadru-ped had dwindled, and my playground training had, I admit, begun to feel stagnant. The time had surely come for me to pursue a more economically viable position, to start thinking seriously about making a name for myself in the professional world. Thus, I decided to shift my path to that of a superhero. I considered various aliases, most involving adjectives such as â€Å"super,† â€Å"awesome,† and â€Å"super-awesome,† all of which would be appropriate once my superpowers revealed themselves. Unfortunately, it wasn’t long before I realized that my prime was behind me. I was much too old to begin fighting crime, developing telekinesis, etc. My return to the drawing board was a bitter one. With two disappointments under my belt, I began to question the val idity of Mom and Dad’s original confidence. In years since, many an occupational dream has come and left me. In no particular order, the more memorable ideas include the following: attorney at law, marine biologist, veterinarian, President of the United States, beekeeper, Vice President of the United States, prospector, President of Atlantis, cowboy, Indian, candy man (I didn’t know what the profession entailed, but it sounded like a safe enough bet), dentist, hedge-fund consultant, pizza chef, and author. The truth is, I’ve never argued in a court of law, saved a puppy, revolutionized foreign policy (in America or Atlantis), bee-kept, funded a hedge, or done whatever it is that a candy man does. But I’ve written this much, haven’t I? That might just make me an author. Maybe Mom and Dad were onto something.