“Cigarettes” A Death Product of Tobacco Industry should be...

â€Å"Cigarettes† A Death Product of Tobacco Industry should be Banned In the present age smoking cigarettes has emerged out as a fashion, especially in our teenagers. Quiet often, a boy or a girl can be seen puffing around on streets proudly. Their parents try their best to refrain them, yet all in vain. They are unaware of the possibility that most will find it very hard to give up this addiction. Alike the young, adults smoke far too often for a reasonable human being, indifferent to the consequences and the risks concerned with their senseless acts. Millions die from cigarettes every year, with many of the victims hooked since their teens or childhoods. This agonizing death sentence is an enough reason to ban cigarettes. What we, as a†¦show more content†¦espn.org). Setting up so called awareness camps in high schools all over the US, these tobacco companies showed the cool cigarette bearing culture to teenagers and politely asked them to stay away from it. As a result a higher percentage of students who attended these camps took up smoking comparative to those who did not attend. Also there has been a discovery of tobacco industry documents in which it was stated that the â€Å"companies have carefully studied the habits, tastes and desires of their potential customers and then used that research to develop products and marketing campaigns aimed at them† (Tobacco Advertising Promotion. espn.org). Amazingly, they succeed every time. They are able to persuade customers that new brands are less risky and trick them by misleading names and claims dampening the real harm cigarettes can potentially cause. In the landmark lawsuit against the major tobacco companies of the United States, Judge Kessler issued a final opinion against them which â€Å"prohibits the tobacco companies from committing acts of racketeering in the future or making false, misleading or deceptive statements concerning cigarettes and their health risks† (The People v. Big Tobacco. tobaccofreeaction.org). In another case, a tobacco compan y in USA was sued forShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Smoking1682 Words   |  7 Pagesfive million people die worldwide from smoking tobacco; in the United States about 480,000 people die per year (â€Å"General†). That is roughly 1,300 people a day losing their life to the most preventable cause of death in the world. The media will often cover the deaths of celebrities and individuals who die in unique accidents. However, they fail to mention the 1,300 smoking related deaths per day. Why arent these deaths announced when celebrity deaths are the headlines of the day? Teenagers who thinkRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?1376 Words   |  6 PagesSurgeon General’s report stated that cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer death in the United States. This statement is so true today. Smoking a cigarette is an acquired behavior and that makes it the most preventable cause of death in our society. Cigarettes contain nicotine, tar, and carbon mono xide, as well as formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, and DDT. The main ingredient in cigarettes is tobacco. The nicotine in cigarettes is very addictive and when smoke containingRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?899 Words   |  4 Pages Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Should cigarette smoking be banned for everyone in the United States? Smoking tobacco products have been around for decades and in many different forms. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deathsRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1400 Words   |  6 PagesShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.? Tobacco has been around in the world for over 2.5 million years. It was not until a few hundred years ago when the tobacco industry decided to put these crops into use and conjure up tobacco products for the community. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recentlyRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1444 Words   |  6 Pages Tobacco has been around in the world for over 2.5 million years. It was not until a few hundred years ago when the tobacco industry decided to put these crops into use and conjure up tobacco products for the community. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recently when cigarettes became widely controversialRead MoreAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned975 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned. Advertisements involving smoking should be prohibited. Kids and teens that are the most impressionable and easily influenced. Cigarette promotions make smoking appear harmless and cool and have led to many kids under the age of 18 to have smoked for years. The advertisements on quitting smoking and how bad they are for you may be effective for older viewers however many teens and kids are drawn to cigarettes even more because adults are saying it is badRead MoreAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned. Advertisements involving smoking should be prohibited. Kids and teens that are the most impressionable and easily influenced. Cigarette promotions make smoking appear harmless and cool and have led to many kids under the age of 18 to have smoked for years. The advertisements on quitting smoking and how bad they are for you may be effective for older viewers, however many teens and kids are drawn to cigarettes even more because adults are saying it isRead MoreTobacco Product Should Be Banned1413 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco Product should be banned According to World health organization –WHO (2014), tobacco keeps on killing 6,000,000 every year globally. Tobacco practice has been going on from ancient times. In ancient time, tobacco was used for smoking and chewing just as it today. But, now it’s time to stop this practice. Because today not only people are dying due to consumption of tobacco products, but also they are suffering from very serious diseases caused by it. Besides it is also carry great risk andRead MoreTobacco And Its Effects On The United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesTobacco is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States. According to the American Lung Association in 2009, 20.6% of adults were current smokers. In 1970, the United States banned television and radio advertisements of cigarettes. Across the world countries battle similar issues in how to help prevent deaths, lower healthcare costs, and educate the population. Countries have banned advertising, posted health causes, renamed brands, and even included informational fliers inRead MoreResearch Paper on Tobacco1212 Words   |  5 PagesTobacco Nicotine use is a leading preventable cause of death in the world, directly and indirectly responsible for 440,000 deaths per year. The health problems that result in tobacco use tally an annual of $75 billion in direct medical costs (Slovic 36). That money spent on medical problems for smokers should be used to pay for more important things in our society such as schools, libraries, childcare, etc. Because it takes approximately eight seconds for nicotine to reach the brain and each

Sweat shops - 742 Words

Introduction A sweatshop is a work place, often a factory, in which employees work long hours at low wages under poor conditions. Although sweatshops virtually disappeared after World War II because of increased governement regulations and the rise of unions, they have reappeared, and are steadily increasing in number throughout the world. This is due, in large part, to economic globalization. Multinational corporations have been moving production facilities out of democratic, industrial nations into impoverished, developing countries in order to take advantage of cheap labor and to avoid scrutiny from governments and human rights organizations. MNC s are concerned with the production of goods for world markets at lowest possible costs†¦show more content†¦Because their wages are often only $.10 to $.20 per hour, the women may receive no wages for years as they attempt to pay off these debts. If the women try to return home without fulfilling their contractual obligations, they are often blacklisted, fined, or arrested. Many women are not paid even without such debt. Sweatshops often fail to pay their employees on time, if at all. The workers, who are often unaware of their rights, have no choice but to continue to work because sweatshop managers threaten and punish them for insubordination. Many of these factories, as well as the women s living quarters, are crowded, filthy, and rat-infested. They are located behind barbed wire fences that are monitored by armed guards. Not only are the women not allowed to come and go freely, but they are forbidden to have visitors. Thus, they are not given the opportunity to air their grievances to anyone who may be in a position to help them. Additionally, the women are always under the threat of corporal punishment. The women are verbally abused, spat on, and beaten. They are not allowed to take breaks or go to the bathroom during their shifts, and are fined if they do so. In some Indonesian sweatshops, women were forced to take down their pants and reveal to factory doctors that they were menstruating in order to claim their legal right to menstrual-leave (Morey, 2000). Female sweatshop employeesShow MoreRelated Nike Sweat Shops Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesNike Sweat Shops I am writing this letter to express my concerns over Nikes labor practices in Asia. There has been much debate and controversy recently concerning Nikes Asian labor practices. It is very difficult to determine which side of the argument to defend, as both acknowledge the problems yet put a completely different spin on the facts. I will try to show that Nike has created a cloud of smoke in Asia that the public cannot see through. Nike does not own any of the factories thatRead MoreSweat Shops Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesTHESIS ESSAY ASSIGNMENT What is a sweatshop really? Well the American Heritage Dictionary defines a sweatshop as a shop or factory in which employees work long hours at low wages under poor conditions. If someone had heard this definition of sweatshops they would go straight to the assumption that sweatshops are not good. But they do have some good in them. They keep workers away from bad things such as prostitution and crimes. They also boost the countries economy and give them a meansRead MoreNike Sweat Shops1784 Words   |  8 PagesThe athletic apparel industry in which Nike is involved is a major money maker in the United States, but the fact that none of the factories are located in North America has brought some heat to the company. Nike controls more than 40 percent of the U.S. Market for sports related goods, but doesn’t have a single sneaker factory in this country (Miller 1). Nike continues to make millions of dollars yet exploits workers overseas by paying them very little, while requiring long hours without overtimeRead MoreSweat Shops in Mexico Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesMexico dependency on the United States hinders them. If the U.S. falls economically, like during recession, Mexican workers are effected. â€Å"The Great Recession has led to unsafe working conditions, unpaid overtime, fewer benefits, and speed-ups on the shop floor† (Paterson). 79% of Mexico’s total expor ts going to the U.S in 2011 (Villarreal). Mexico main export products go to the Unites States which means Mexico makes a tremendous amount of products for the United States, but the country does not getRead MoreNikes Use of Sweatshops Across the Globe Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagesas: resources, technology and education are at our fingertips. Works Cited Background on Sweatshops. Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. Case Study: Nike - Sweat Shops. Sweat Shops. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. English Blog :). English Blog RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Facts - Sweat Shops. Sweat Shops. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. Nike FAQs | Global Exchange. Nike FAQs | Global Exchange. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. Nike accused of tolerating sweatshops. the GuardianRead MoreOld House Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagesloft, which holds tired looking bales that appear to be forgotten and a wooden floor covered in loose straw and poop from chickens too young to be put out in the open. A small wooden door, which once opened up to the outside, is now left closed with sweat spots due to the sweltering days of July; an old frayed rope hangs near, containing burned sections from running through hands to fast. Old Chevys and Fords sit resting from all that was done from over the generations of work while an orange rustyRead More Child Labor and Sweatshops are a Current Problem in the Fashion Industry1571 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While both the economy and society stand to gain from the abolition of sweat shops, governments and the fashion industry fail to address the problem adequately. Perhaps government sponsored monitoring would be an effective first step in ameliorating the plight of the workers. Presently, only a few companies recruit independent monitors, which are less than effective in controlling the activities of the sweat shops. Lobbyists could channel energy and funds into monitoring and creating more solutionsRead MorePurchasing Goods Produces Winners And Losers1208 Words   |  5 PagesWe consume a large volume of goods every day, whether that be edible goods, disposable goods or items we are going to keep for a long time. The point is that we as a nation spend billions of pounds in shops every year and it keeps on growing. Larger stores like the supermarkets and department stores are benefiting from this because they are able to offer a wide variety of goods. Smaller stores however are suffering because they cannot compete with the larger stores in terms of variety and price.Read MoreSweatshops : A Global Discussion On Fair Trade Versus Sweatshops1680 Words   |  7 Pagesare many opinions on this topic, especially when it comes down to whether or not sweat shops should be ethically and morally accepted by society. Many argue that fair trade is the answer to the sweatshop crisis, but this solution isn’t quite so simple. What are Sweatshops? To grasp the notion of sweatshops it is vital that we know the true meaning of sweatshops. A dictionary definition of a sweatshop is â€Å"a shop or factory in which employees work for long hours at low wages and under unhealthyRead MoreChina Blue2017 Words   |  9 Pagesabide to, and how important these factories are. From just these sweat shops we learn about the economic, social, and political problems that has arisen in China. It also shows us inequality and inequity of the society in China. Sweat shops has been a known epidemic in China for a while now, with public revealing of sweat shops making products for popular companies, such as Apple and Nike. In â€Å"China Blue† it focuses on a sweat shop producing jeans for a company based in Turkey, called Vigaze Jeans

Ideology free essay sample

Compare and Contrast Essay What is ideology? Ideology is a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society. In conservative ideology believes that the role of the governments should be limited- private organizations and individuals should solve social problems and oppose restrictions on business. They also believe the government should be involved in supporting traditional moral values. Liberal ideology believes the national government should be active in promoting health, education, justice, and equal opportunity. In social matters, they believe the government should not restrict individual freedom. Republicans have democrats have very different views on housing crisis. Democrats feel that the foreclosure program should be quick and effective so that risk homeowners can get help and hopefully stay in their homes. On the other hand, republicans feel that there should be a timely and carefully targeted aim. This way the affected individuals have time to trade mortgages for loans. Democrats say that troubled borrowers should have more affordable government- insured loans. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Republicans are strongly against encouraging anyone to borrow more money than they can repay. Another important issue is retirement. Democrats say that workers should automatically get enrolled in a workplace pension plan that can be carried from job to job. This matches savings for low-income work families. However, republicans say that there should be no changes in the system that affect any current or near-retiree. Republicans also think that we should all have the opportunity to freely choose our own accounts that are distinct from the overall Security system. Democrats think that those who make more than $250,000 should pay a little bit more in payroll taxes for Social Security. Wiretapping is also a very important issue. Democrats support the protections and judicial oversight on surveillance programs involving Americans. They state that they reject illegal wiretapping of American citizens, no matter where they live. Obama voted for a 2008 bill that expanded the government’s surveillance power. The Republicans state that wiretapping should be allowed due to all of the terrorist attacks. They believe that the reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act was so important and that that Democrats’ opposition was wrong. In terms of housing crisis I favor the Democrats because I think that this should be not only effective but quick as well. I also agree that it’s important to try and keep the families in their homes. As far as retirement goes, I agree with the Republicans. I think that we should be able to choose where and how we invest our money for retirement. Lastly, in terms of wiretapping I favor the Republicans. I believe that wiretapping should be allowed when necessary. For example, we should be able to use wiretapping in Iraq. The Democrats and Republicans both state good points, however I agree with some more than others.

Medical Ethics Violation

Introduction In the past, medical ethics has been centered on the doctor, the patient, and the doctor- patient affiliation. Nevertheless, in the contemporary setting, most care happens in organizational backgrounds; for instance, group practices among others. Medical cultures and strategies influence the care given to patients as well as decorum in the sector, either positively or negatively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Ethics Violation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bloodgate is the instance discussed in this paper as a case of medical ethics violation. Bloodgate stands for a rugby match outrage linking the Harlequins against the Leinster teams and it was dubbed as such following the employment of counterfeit blood (Muirhead 195-196). In early 2009, Harlequins was lagging behind Leinster 6-5 in the rugby quarterfinals in a bid to win the Heinecken Cup in England. The Winger of the Harlequins team, Tom Williams, â€Å"all of a sudden spewed blood out of his mouth, which prompted the team to substitute a professional kicker, Nick Evans, for Williams. Nevertheless, what came out of Williams’ mouth was not real blood; instead, it was false blood coming from a capsule given to Williams by his trainer† (Carter 48). This paper discusses medical ethics violation during this rugby match. Bloodgate – a health care Ethics Violation The application of a false blood capsule was instigated by a former rugby director, Dean Richards, and was presented to Williams by Steff Brennan (physiotherapist at that time). However, this hoax did not bear fruits. Following the faked blood injury, Evans, a player that had previously been substituted, was permitted back into the field. The officials and â€Å"players of the Leinster team became suspicious and while at the locker room, panic gripped Williams† (Carter 48). Williams pleaded with an emergency room doctor operating a s the Harlequins team general practitioner, Dr. Wendy Chapman, to make a small cut on his lip in order for Williams to have a justification for his case. Subsequent to some dithering, Dr. Chapman accepted to go along with Williams’ request. Afterward, when inquired concerning the occurrence, she (Dr. Wendy) gave confirmation that a loose incisor was the reason behind the cut. Nonetheless, a recording of the game between Harlequins and Leinster demonstrated Williams taking a capsule that was in his socks and stealthily placing it in his mouth prior to the fake blood coming out from his mouth (Chaitt, Moses, and Jones 5-9). Williams was as well seen winking at the other players of Harlequins as he came out from the field.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Upon leaving the pitch, Williams headed to Dr Wendy, who had no prior information on the issue. Subsequent to reiterated persistent demands from Williams, Dr Wendy made a cut on Williams’ lip. The demands from Williams were made more imperative by the reality that a representative from the European Rugby Cup (ERC) as well as the Leinster doctor were struggling to get their way in to the private health facility (they had no permission to do according to the participation accord). The wound due to the cut made was partially healed with the use of gauze and pressure on Williams’ mouth. There were no stitches needed. The idea of having the cut made was solely from Williams (Gaskin, Jenny, and Clark 160-165). Richards was not in attendance and was not even conscious of the cut until later. While responding to claims that her behavior was liable of causing the profession lose reputation and appear insincere, counsel for Dr Wendy confessed to a number of charges, and admitted that she made the cut since the player desired to show â€Å"an actual injury†. The participation of the doctor i n the deception makes this a medical ethics violation. In this regard, some legal actions were inevitable. The coach of the Harlequins team, Dean Richards, was disallowed from training in the European clubs for a period of three years. The trainer that provided Williams with the false blood capsule, Steph Brennan, was deferred for two years. The Harlequins team was given a fine of 259,000 British pounds. Moreover, in the late 2009, the United Kingdom General Medical Council (GMC) deferred Dr. Wendy Chapman for a period of one year. A two-week hearing of the misconduct of Dr. Wendy by GMC was set. At the latest hearing of Dr. Wendy, she gave evidence that she was in anticipation of surgery due to breast cancer at the time and was as well putting up with depression during that occasion, which messed up her decision. Dr Wendy in addition confessed that she had previously failed to inform a European Rugby Cup disciplinary hearing that she had made the lip cut (Anderson 948). She was ext remely ashamed of her violation of medical ethics and horror-struck that she had deceived regarding her actions. The Bloodgate was a chance to bring an excellent kicking to rugby and observed in wisdom after the event, the swiftness with which disgrace poured forth is openly unpleasant. Dr. Wendy was suspended from the moment the news of the matter broke, the largest part of it with no pay, and was recuperating from surgery due to breast cancer (Gaskin, Jenny, and Clark 166-170).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Ethics Violation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dr Wendy was not supposed to have given in to the demands from Williams at all; she should have acted according to the stipulated laws. However, sacking her could be an unpleasant overreaction that is not essential to guarantee public wellbeing, which ought to be the major concern of the General Medical Council. The utter temperament of a number of the public displeasure of Dr. Wendy was shocking. The adequate punishment as per a number of the displeasures is straight removal from the profession coupled with frequently having the support of biased and incorrect Hippocratic Oath recommendation. Scores of the most passionate supporters of sacking have expressed disapproval of Dr. Wendy, while ignoring every other detail. Considering Dr Wendy and officials of European Rugby Cup, it is evident that she was charged incorrectly by the ERC, which afterward declared that it had no authority over her. The officials of the ERC should have asked Dr. Wendy to be a witness. Once she became the defendant, Dr Wendy had no responsibility to formulate any statement. The General Medical Council would have possibly made the loss of Dr. Wendy’s medical licensure; however, the Council opted to allow her to resume duty after a year (Gaskin, Jenny, and Clark 171-175). The chairperson of the GMC team stated that usually such bad behavior coul d be anticipated to materialize in an outcome of impaired suitability to practice. Nevertheless, the incidents of this case are entirely outstanding in that the professional medical confirmation recommends that in the nonexistence of depression, one would not have performed in this manner.  It appears that the prior act of Dr. Wendy had been with no fault. The General Medical Council took her ethics violation as an unusual act, viz. one-time issue. Comparing the misconduct of Dr. Wendy to instances of sex involving physicians and patients could help in justifying the verdict given by the General Medical Council. Building up a sexual affiliation with a current or former patient taints the reputation of the profession itself, no matter its consequences on the patient. The effect to the patient is a possible result of patient- doctor sex while effect to the profession is an unavoidable upshot. The public, doctors, and patients will lose confidence and esteem for the health career. It is thus justifiable as to why the GMC made such a conclusion as regarding Dr. Wendy. Making the assumption that her ethical violation in the case of Williams was not an indication of a practice of unethical conduct and that her act as an emergency doctor met medical and ethical principles, there is thus no cause to perceive her as an unsafe bet for patients in times to come.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the effect to public opinion of the veracity of the health profession is not similar to one with a sexual affiliation (Anderson 949). The ethical violation of Dr. Wendy demonstrated human weakness, but did not stand for self-satisfaction or potential mistreatment of a patient. The one year of deferment coupled with an apology to the public was enough for Dr. Wendy. Moreover, Wendy was directed that the right panel before which to present evidence was the General Medical Council. In this regard, Wendy was under a compulsion from a specialized cover insurance position to go by that counsel or cater for the cost of every proceeding. The description of the occurrence to the General Medical Council by Williams was extraordinarily unclear. Williams stated that he asked Dr. Wendy to make a small cut on his lip and added that he could recall that she was not pleased concerning it (Chaitt, Moses, and Jones 10-12). The explanations provided by numerous parties, which include the agents of Williams and the European Rugby Cup, generated a feeling that Dr. Wendy was aware of the cheat and conspiracy and that she had presented deceptive statements. Experiencing a similar continued exposure that Dr. Wendy encountered, even accounting for her guilt, one could deem it as an adequate reprimand, not to mention the loss of earnings. Dr. Wendy was admonished publicly and clearly, she will not accept to operate anymore as a voluntary rugby doctor; consequently, there is no panic of a repeat of the happening. Conclusion In the past, medical ethics concentrated on the doctor, the patient, and the doctor- patient affiliation; however, nowadays most care happens in organizational surroundings. In early 2009, during a rugby match in a bid to win the Heinecken Cup, Williams, the winger of the Harlequins team, spewed blood out of his mouth that permitted the team to make a substitution for Evans. Nonetheless, Williams did not spew true blood out of his mouth, but false blood coming from a capsule from Brennan, the trainer of the team. Immediately after leaving the field, Williams headed to Dr. Wendy and made persistent demands that forced Dr Wendy to make a cut at his lip to act as deception for a real injury at the field, and thus she committed a medical ethics violation. Consequently, some legal actions were inevitable for each participant. Works Cited Anderson, Lynley. â€Å"Bloodgate: Were the punishments fair.† British Journal of Sports  Medicine 45.12 (2011): 948-949. Print. Carter, Helen. â€Å"Bloodgate scandal doctor ‘pressured into cutting rugby player’s lip’.†Ã‚  The Guardian 23 Aug. 2010: 48. Print. Chaitt, Michelle, Richard Moses, and Scott Jones. â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse, PDMPs, and the Changing Health System Paradigm: New Compliance, Quality, and Malpractice Exposures with Physician-Hospital Ventures.† Journal of Health Care Compliance 14.6 (2012): 5-12. Print. Gaskin, Deeona, Brenna Jenny, and Stacy Clark. â€Å"Recent Developments in Health Law.† Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics 40.1 (2012):160-175. Print. Muirhead, William. â€Å"When four principles are too many: Bloodgate, integrity and an action-guiding model of ethical decision making in clinical practice.† Journal of Medical Ethics 38.4 (2012): 190-196. Print. This essay on Medical Ethics Violation was written and submitted by user Ali York to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lean and agile operations

Lean and agile operations Introduction For a long period of time, organizations have been adjusting their management and operations tactics. The main objective behind this approach has been to trend to consolidate management and operational elements that are closely linked together so that they can be monitored easily (Drew, McCallum Roggenhofer, p.6). Lean management has over time replaced mass production. This form of operation calls for a different form of thinking and operation. On the other hand, companies are attempting to change or adjust their departments. In the present day, Networks are more agile in terms of being adaptive, operationally efficient and informally lean (Goodpasture, 2009, p. 268). Some of the elements that are associated with agile operations include cultural acceptances in business relationships, expansion in accessing and adoption of instant messaging plus wireless connectivity and electronic networking (Goodpasture, 2009, p. 268).Advertising We will write a custom essay s ample on Lean and agile operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores the concept of lean and agile operations and also offers a succinct comparison of both types of operations in manufacturing and service sectors. The concepts of lean and agile operations According to Mattias and Jan (2009, p.976-999), lean and agile operations have been used in all sectors of production. They have highly been utilized in service and manufacturing sectors. There are internal and external factors that drive companies to adopt these measures of management. In most cases, lean and agile operations have been tested to be operationally effective. Agile operation can be defined as the use of specific principles such as techniques, interactive developments and automation in running an organization. On the other hand, lean is a concept and a philosophy developed to minimize wastage during the process of production. It focuses on specific values as perceived by customers, creating value streams, making value flow from raw materials to end user, pulling productions together and striving towards perfection. Lean operation is highly valued in most organization since demanded by customers is well met. The differences between lean and agile operations/management can best be understood from a supply point of view. The following table highlights some of the major distinguishing attributes between agile and lean supply. Distinguishing attributes Lean supply Agile supply Life cycle and product variety Long life cycle and low variety Short life cycle and high variety Forecasting mechanism Algorithmic Qualitative: Consultative Market Predictable Volatile Profit margin low High Stock demand Stable long term Volatile and immediate availability Source: Nieuwenhuizen (2009, p. 124)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Agile supply operations are market sensitive and can easily respond to movement in demand emanating from various market dynamics or players such as customers and the suppliers. To achieve this, there must be unconventional mechanisms in hearing the daily voices coming from the market (Nieuwenhuizen, 2009, p. 125). Agile supply operations also introduces the concept of electronic data exchange which helps partners in the supply process to have and react to actual demand or same data. Lean operation is more of a theoretical application than a practical one. However, when molded well, it can serve as an ideal operation in any situation. According to Reiner (2009, p. 163), the concept of lean management has been hyped as ideal concept fitting the new millennium. It has a set of tools that can assist in steady elimination of waste, production of time, cost reduction and quality improvement (Reiner, 2009, p. 163). It is built upon experience and insights from just-in-time applicati ons. Applicability of lean-agility There are various examples that can be equated to lean and agile operations. The basic principle of lean agility is on reducing the costs of production and increasing value in customer service (Waters, 2003, p. 41). For example, a supplier can increase customer services and reducing costs of operations by improving EDI links. These strategies have dominant themes of low cost operations and a focus on customer satisfaction. Organizations are able to focus specific operation features of their products by enhancing the ability to deliver goods and services quickly to the customers. The best form of satisfying customers is by ensuring that goods and services reach them in time, are of high quality, their volumes are flexible, there is product flexibility and there is specialization as well as diversification (Waters, 2003, p. 41). Some organizations in Information Technology are clinging to the environment that apply centralized control, tight notions of operations and rigorous blocking of services coming from outside. However, some companies have adopted service delivery that gives the end user or the customer some sense of pride despite the fact that the services are low cost and are leaner. El-Haik and Al-Aomar (2006, p. 23) write of a lean six sigma approach and note that it has been the hype in latest engineering paradigms. This is because it has a focus for quality management and increasing general operational effectiveness. The Lean Six Sigma (LSS) approach is capable of helping companies reduce variability and cut the process lead time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lean and agile operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Martins (2006, p. 379) is categorical that LSS has better maturity when it is put in the supply chain which for long has demanded for an effective change style/program. On this, Hill (2011, p. 4) gives the bottom principles of Lean S ix Sigma as good, fast, strong and cheap. However, Martins (2006, p. 379) cautions against compromising customer satisfaction in the efforts to make supply chain cheap. Challenges in lean and agile operations Lean operations The main objective of lean operation or management is to enable transformation of an organization from problems of functionality to effective and proactive management (Martins, 2006, p. 379). However, there are many challenges that are identified with this form of operation. According to Bell (2006, p. 69), practitioners of lean management are confronted with real challenges. For example, there are many constrains that come with management of volatility of goods and services, keeping knowledge content high and management of variability of process mix. There is also a challenge that comes with trying to approach all manufacturing operations with one style conversant with lean management. Mahadevan (2010, p. 563) is however categorical that with a strong implement ation strategy in the organization, it is possible to make lean management journey enjoyable, easier and fruitful. Lean management has become hype in health care industry. However, it is more recognized as an ad hoc practice rather than a style that can last forever in the industry. Therefore, this approach is not recognized as a means to effective end, rather, as a means to solve immediate problems (Young, 2009, p. 310). There are three major critical challenges that are identified in the health care industry. Young (2009, p. 310) puts them as lack of evidence for management quality, it has not brought strong value in the health sector because of the sensitive nature of the sector and low metrics. Quality management is supposed to achieve at least 75% in terms of effectiveness, and whenever the percentage is low, it is categorized as low metrics. Black (2008, p. 194) summarizes the difficulties that come with lean management as inability of operational managers to cope with dramati c change management. Mostly, change of organizational culture drags implementation of these dramatic management changes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Agile operations Anna and Lars (2005, p. 362) categorize the challenges that come with agile management into three; lack of improvement initiative, unsupportive environment and failure to adhere to targeted practices. Mostly, agile operations are practical in IT sector and a failure to many other developmental sectors. Even though there have been efforts to replicate this style of management in other operational areas such as service industry, the method has not succeeded to levels that could be desired. Levine (2005, p. 353) is clear that the problems of agile operations are only beginning and if there are no immediate measures to resurrect it, it may collapse easily or fail to be utilized. With a shift towards strong agile models, it is possible to transform workplaces towards realization of goals conversant with 21st century management. As well, agile operations tend to take the concept of lean operations, and therefore, some of the challenges that are associated with lean manage ment are common in agile operations. Ramesh (2010, p. 453) introduces two risks that come with the introduction of agile operations. The first problem is with the inability of the customers and lack of concurrence in customers to impact agile developments as may be envisioned. Secondly, neglecting non functional requirements like scalability and security is a major problem. He adds that all developers who are keen on using agile operations should first of all evaluate inherent risks, and work towards eliminating them as much as possible. They should outweigh these risks and the costs involved as a measure of countering the challenges. Babar (2009, p. 84) is categorical that agile development especially in the IT sector has brought in mechanisms of reducing costs while at the same time increasing abilities to handle market dynamics. However, there are some concerns on the importance and the role of issues that are related with software architecture developed through agile approaches. Examples of lean operations Manufacturing sector: Toyota By late 1960’s, Toyota management had started to push for lean production (Dennis Shook, 2007, p. 10). The management was compelled to adopt such strategic management measures due to demanding price reductions. The company’s management permeated entire supply chain by 1970 and this has continued to present day. In Toyota Company, the method has succeeded in a number of ways. For example, equipment maintenance has become effective; there is pull production, supplier involvement, quality at the source of production, high employee involvement plus empowerment, small lot production and reduced set up times. However, this company has faced a number of challenges that are associated with adopting lean strategies in operations. For example, this method has become a major focus rather than the putative results that come with it. Toyota has failed to define the operations and actually brushes the importance that comes w ith such an operation. Service industry: Vodafone Company Vodafone Turkey started lean operations in the year 2006 and this has led to change initiative. Some of the results that were foreseen with such a method of operation were effective deployment and proper work design. The company was prompted to get into lean management due to a high need for data based management, customer driven focus and a structured approach to management of its systems. Some of foreseen efforts were improved customer experience, elimination of wastes, costs and increase revenue; empower and develop people and more importantly, move to a model and culture of continuous improvement. Challenges included slow stakeholder management, high expectations from people, lack of combination of a top down and a bottom up approach and failure to retain right resources. Examples of agile operations Manufacturing sector: Hewlett-Packard Co Hewlett-Packard Co. is one of the companies in the world which have remained agile for many years. According to Pride and Hughes (2011, p. 211), the company strives to remain agile as well as adaptable to changes in management environments. The company’s management identifies clinging to this style of management as its major challenge but hopes that it will remain glued to it for long. However, the company has experienced lots of challenges in its agile style of management. For example, in a number of times, the style demanded a lot especially in approaches that are collaborative, iterative and incremental. As well, agility operations have resulted to salary cut controversies amongst the employees. Even though this measure was not directly related to agile operations, it was seen as a way of keeping everything low and maximizing customer service and quality production. Service sector: Sony Life This is an insurance company that focuses on giving made- to -order insurance services to their customers. These are based on specific demands of the customers, and in Japan, this method has made it possible for the company to increase customer base to 4.4 million. Cummins (2008, p.93) equates made- to- order services with agile operations. He writes that with such management style, it is possible to track the needs of the customers, and this way, companies can increase quality of their services to the people. It is a production- line mode that has gained fame in the 21st century (Cummins, 2008, p. 93). However, Sony Life has faced major challenges with this style of management. A major challenge was in keeping with the pace of change management. Companies are increasingly adopting new measures, and since a made –to- order service is expensive, the management may be forced to drop the style in the middle of operation. Recommendations/suggestion Lean- agility management is a concept that has come with change management of 21st century. From the discussion, it is clear that companies are adopting these methods for the purposes of enhancin g quality delivery, minimizing time in delivery, satisfying customers and improve growth of organizations. However, there are various challenges that have been noted to come with these forms of management. As a remedy, there ought to be a number of measures that organizations should adopt to make lean -agility management style work. For lean operations, it is proper to visualize workflow by splitting works into various pieces, always specify the values that are demanded by customers, always strive for perfection and create value streams. For agile management, it is essential to adopt a build- to -order style of production, make just- in- time deliver effective by combining with just-in-time sequence delivery, enhance real-time management and put together supply chain with supplier and customers. To recap it all, two of the methods that have been adopted in the 21st century for management of companies are agility management and lean operations. Lean -agility operation looks at satisf ying the end user, providing products of high quality and improving the production of an organization. However, with dramatic changes in management field, companies are finding it quite cumbersome to stick to these styles of management. Therefore, the styles are not leading into any quality production quality, delivery and customer satisfaction as envisioned. With such challenges, it is only fair to always keep alert of any form of changes so as to plan on how to counter and improve the process of production. This paper has analyzed the concepts of lean operations and agility operations as applicable in manufacturing and service sectors. In agility operations, HP Company and Sony Life have been analyzed while Toyota and Vodafone companies have been analyzed in terms of lean management. Lean operation mainly aims at changing or transforming the operation status of an organization. As already mentioned in the essay, most organizations which often opt for lean operations always target minimal use of raw materials in a bid to reduce wastage. It is indeed crucial to mention that while agile operation may be practiced alongside lean management both in the service and manufacturing sectors, managing both types of operations may demand stringent skills and knowledge due to the complexity of each. For instance, goods and services that are highly volatile in nature may pose a real challenge when these types of operations are unilaterally integrated in the process of production. References Anna, B., Lars, M. 2005. Improving software organizations: agility challenges and implications. Journal of Information Technology People, 18 (4), 359 – 382. Babar, M.A. 2009. An exploratory study of architectural practices and challenges in using agile software development approaches. Software architecture, 2009 European Conference on software architecture. WICSA/ECSA 2009. Joint working IEEE/IFIP Conference, 81-90 Bell, S. 2006. Lean enterprise systems: Using IT for continuou s improvement. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Black, J. R. 2008. Lean production: Implementing a world-class system. New York: Industrial Press, Inc. Cummins, F. 2008. Building the agile enterprise: With SOA, BPM and MBM. Burlington: Elsevier publishers. Dennis, P., Shook, J. 2007. Lean production simplified: A plan language guide to the world’s most powerful production system. New York: Productivity Press. Drew, J., McCallum, B. Roggenhofer, S. 2004. Journey to lean: Making operational change stick. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. El-Haik, B., Al-Aomar, R. 2006. Simulation-based lean six sigma and design for six sigma. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Goodpasture, J.C. 2009. Project Management the Agile Way: Making it work in the enterprise. Fort Lauderdale: J. Ross Publishing. Hill, A.V. 2011. The encyclopedia of operations management: A field manual and glossary of operations management terms and concepts. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Levine, L. 2005. Reflections on software agility and agile methods: Challenges, dilemmas, and the way ahead. Journal of Business agility and information technology diffusion, 180(1), 353-365. Mahadevan, B. 2010. Operations management: Theory and practice. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Martins, J.W. 2006. Lean six sigma for supply chain management lean six sigma for supply chain management. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Mattias, H. Jan, O. 2009. Lean and agile manufacturing: external and internal drivers and performance outcomes. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 29 (10), 976 – 999. Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2009. Business management for entrepreneurs. Cape Town: Juta and Co ltd. Pride, W.M. Hughes, R.J. 2011. Business. Belmont: CengageBrain Learning. Ramesh, B. 2010. Agile requirements engineering practices and challenges: An empirical study. Journal of Information systems, 20(5), 449-480. Reiner, G. 2009. Rapid modeling for increasing competitiveness: Tools and mindset. New Yo rk: Springer Dordrecht. Waters, C.D. 2003. Inventory control and management. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Young, T. 2009. Some challenges facing lean thinking in healthcare. International Journal of Quality Health Care, 21(5), 309-310.

AP Euro DBQ essay Essay Example

AP Euro DBQ essay Essay Example AP Euro DBQ essay Essay AP Euro DBQ essay Essay TJ Long AP Euro DBQ Essay There were numerous responses to the plague, such as fear, greed, and looking for a cause. The plague is a zoonotic disease, one of the three rare types of diseases that is created from Yersinia Pestis, a part of Enterobacteriaceae. This was a devastating time for people in Europe from the late 1400s to the early 1700s and there were many responses about how the plague was affecting society during this time. This disease killed about 25 million people which caused all of these mixed reactions. Mixed responses and different point-of-views spread all throughout Europe. One response to the plague was fear. Fear was common in these times due to the mass killing caused by the plague. The plague eventually managed to slow business in schools down dramatically and some children never bothered coming again as shown in document 1. The Schoolmaster at Deventer said this because as a school teacher he was concerned for his Job. According to N. Versoris, the rich people ran from the plague leaving all of the poor people to die. As shown in document 5, drastic measures had to be taken to keep everyone safe from the plague. Boarding p a house that was infected with the disease was a way of creating a barrier between the uninfected people of society and the diseased society members. Most travelers feared the plague in Europe and stayed home instead of traveling to new places such as Italy (doc. 12). According to D. Defoe, no trading nations with Europe would trade with them because they feared they would bring the plague over to their country, infecting all of their people. As you can see, the plague sent a common fear through many nations including Europe. Another response to the plague was that people were looking for a cause. According to Erasmus of Rotterdam, the filth and waste in the streets was causing this infectious disease. Erasmus said this because he was a humanist, therefore he was always looking for a logical cause for things that were happening. As shown in document 4, spreading ointment on the bolts of the gates started to spread the disease faster which, in turn, gave people more money from inheritance. Johann Weyer said this because as a doctor, he was looking for a reason why people were getting sick. Some people believed that offending and sinful people caused the lague because a god punished them for their actions therefore releasing the plague (doc. 15). Obviously many people responded with causes for the spreading of the plague and tried to find out what created it. A final response to the plague was greed. Like fear, greed was a common response to the plague in Europe. According to N. Wallington, he would rather give up all of his family members to the plague first before he gives himself up. Nurses didnt really help the infected patients at all. Usually they Just killed them quicker so they could collect their money and leave (doc. ). According to S. Pepys, people were not buying wigs anymore, for they feared that it was made of other peoples infected hair. He was concerned about this because as a naval bureaucrat, he was concerned time Just trying to make a living off of other peoples misfortune. During the time of the plague many people were in fear, tried to find a cause, and were greedy. Europe suffered greatly from this extremely infectious disease and it took them a long time to recover completely. It was a devastating time of horror and disbelief. This is certainly an incident to learn from.

Ratio analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ratio analysis - Coursework Example This difference could have been caused by a reduction in expenses including operating and financing expenses. ROCE also increased from 25.03% to 32.18% which shows a difference of 7.15%. This difference could be due to efficient utilization of assets to produce income and effective asset management. Liquidity of the company can be assessed using current ratio and quick ratio. Current ratio measures the number of times that current liabilities can be financed by current assets before they are exhausted (Pollitt, 2001). Quick ratio measures how current liabilities can be measured by more liquid assets before they are exhausted. The current ratio of Youngs increased from 1.37 in 2013 to 1.48 in 2014. This means that the company was able to meet its obligations faster in 2013 than 2013, i.e. it was able to meet its financial obligations easier in 2014 than 2013. The quick ratio of the company also increased from 0.36 in 2013 to 0.43 in 2014. Therefore, the company was more liquid in 2013 than 2014. This liquidity could be due to effective cash management in the company. Efficiency of Youngs can be determined by inventory turnover and total asset turnover. The inventory or stock turnover measures the number of times that stock is turned into sales in a year (Fridson & Alvarez, 2002). Total asset turnover measures the amount of sales generated by the sale of a single unit of the total assets. The total asset turnover of Youngs was 2.11 in 2013 and 2.09 in 2014. This means that a single unit of asset was used to generate 2.11 units of sales in 2013 and 2.09 units of sales in 2014. However, the difference between the inventory turnovers in the two years was -0.02 which is a negative figure. It could be because the company acquired more assets and failed to utilize the new assets efficiently to generate more sales. The company also had an inventory turnover of 6.85 in 2013 and 6.88 in 2014. This indicates that the company turned its stock